Pathogen transmission refers to the process by which disease-causing microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, are spread from one host to another. This can occur through various mechanisms, including direct contact, airborne transmission, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and vector-borne transmission through insects or other animals. Understanding how pathogens are transmitted is critical for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Research in this area explores the factors that influence transmission dynamics, such as host susceptibility, environmental conditions, and the effectiveness of interventions such as vaccination and hygiene practices. By studying pathogen transmission, researchers aim to develop strategies to minimize the risk of disease transmission and protect public health.